托福独立口语如何让观点更有说服力.doc

托福独立口语如何让观点更有说服力 托福独立口语如何让观点更有说服力?这4个表达要点让你能自圆其说。今天给大家带来了托托福独立口语如何让观点更有说服力,希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。托福独立口语如何让观点更有说服力?这4个表达要点让你能自圆其说托福独立口语重视观点表达就某一话题阐述自己的观点是托福口语部分的第一题，也就是独立口语TASK1的考试内容。通常这类话题针对日常生活中发生的事情，考生需要给出自己的看法观点并提供理由。此类题目更多的是考查考生的思维应对能力。那么我们如何在托福口语考试中阐述自己的观点呢?1. 按照总分结构开门见山尽量按照总分的结构进行叙述，单刀直入，这也是西方人习惯的表达方式。由一句主题句引出观点与中心，让考官能够清晰地得知叙述的主题，从而打下良好的基础。如果在考题中出现了问题，则应该开门见山地回答问题，切入主题，阐明自己的观点，从而为接下来的详细叙述理清层次以及节约时间，如果有多余的时间，则可以再增添一句总结的话语，使叙述详尽完整。2. 合理使用逻辑词在叙述的过程中应该合理地利用逻辑词汇，这样使*的逻辑顺畅，条理清晰。中国人说话习惯靠上下文去分析句与句的关系，但是西方人不同，他们习惯用逻辑连接词来表达句子关系，如果按照中国人的思维去说英语，在外国人看来就是一堆杂乱无章的句子罗列，这样的分数常常会十分的不好看。论点的叙述，则应该尽量在草稿上简单罗列，讲述时由浅至深，增强逻辑性与条理性。所以，在练习口语的过程中，最好请一位外教跟踪辅导，为学生纠正口音以及语言习惯等问题。3. 抽象话题具体化在描述时，应该尽量将抽象的话语具体化，不能很空泛地喊口号做呼吁，这样常常收效甚微。西方人习惯十分具体生动的描述，如描述环境很优美，不应该仅仅说“its beautiful outside”，而可以去描述flower，tree，bird等细节，增强生动性。4. 概括问题细节化面对十分概括的问题时，许多考生会觉得十分难以开口，只能让时间白白流失，痛失了分数。针对这类问题，就应该将问题缩小到一个具体的事物进行叙述和讨论，缩小问题寻找突破口，这种方法也是所有宽泛问题的应对方式。新托福语法：强调结构的陈述式与疑问式1. 强调结构的陈述式强调结构的陈述式为“It is (was) + 被强调部分 + that (who)”。该结构可用于强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语动词。该句式中用that或who的区别是：当被强调的指人时，用that或who均可;当被强调的不是指人时，则只能用that(注意不用which)。如：It was in the office that he was killed. 他是办公室被杀害的。(强调in the office)It is the children who broke the window. 是孩子们打破窗户的。(强调the children)It was to you and not anyone else that I lent the money. 我只借钱给你，不借给其他人。(强调to you and not anyone)It is only when you have your own children that you realize the troubles of parenthood. 当你有了自己的孩子，才能真切地了解到双亲的辛苦。(强调only when you have your own children)2. 一般疑问句的强调结构一般疑问句的强调结构就是将be提到句首，即使用“Is / Was it+ 被强调部分 + that / who”。如：Is it Tommy who answered the telephone? 是汤米接的电话吗? Is it from advertising that a newspaper earns a lot of its profits? 报纸获利最多的部分是在于广告收入吗?3. 特殊疑问句的强调结构特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为“疑问词(Who / What / When / Where / Why / How)+is / was it that”这样的形式。如：When was it that he got married? 他是什么时候结婚的? How long ago is it that you last saw her? 你上一次看见她是多久以前的事? Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯? Why is it that I always land up cleaning the bath? 为什么总是该我来洗刷浴缸? In which play of Shakespeares is it that Viola appears? 维欧拉是在莎士比亚那个剧里出现的吗?新托福语法：permit后接动词的用法规律若其后直接跟动词要用动名词Time doesnt permit my waiting longer. 时间不允许我等得太久。The rules of the club do not permit smoking. 这个俱乐部规定不准吸烟。若其后先接宾语再跟动词则要用不定式His health does not permit him to come. 他的健康(状况)不允许他来。Her father would not permit her to eat sweets. 她父亲不允许她吃糖果。比较下面两句We dont permit smoking in the lecture room. 我们不允许在大教室抽烟。We dont permit people to smoke in the lecture room. 我们不允许人们在大教室抽烟。新托福语法：A Lot of / a Lot / LotsThis weeks question from Violet is about the phrase 许多。Whats the difference between a lot of and a lot?Yang Li and William Kremer explain that although the basic meaning of both phrases are the same, the grammar and usage are slightly different.Look at the following dialogue to see how they are used:Li:Hi Sarah! Do you fancy going for a coffee today? Sarah 想一起喝杯咖啡吗?Sarah:Oh, Id love to but I dont really havea lot of time today because Im going on holiday on Monday and desperately need to pack this afternoon. 想到是想，不过今天我没有多少时间，因为我周一去度假，下午得赶紧准备行李。Li: No problem! But do you really have a lotto pack? 没关系，不过你有很多东西要打包吗?Sarah: Yes, lots! I have a young baby and need to take a lot of things with me. 是很多东西!我有个婴儿，需要带很多东西。Li: Ah, it sounds as though you have a lot on your plate today. Hope the packing goes well. Have a lovely holiday! 听上去你手里的活儿可不少，好好准备，祝你假期愉快。Sarah: Thank you!谢了。Notice there is a noun following the phrase a lot of. 只要使用 a lot of, 那么在of的后面一定要跟名词或代词，否则句子不完整。With a lot and lots you dont need to have a noun or pronoun. 在以上三个句子中 a lot 和 lots 后面不需要名词或代词，因为其本身就是名词，意思是许多东西，许多事情。We hope that the above examples help give you a better idea of how these phrases are used but as always, our advice is to read as widely as possible to improve your sense of when to use them appropriately.If you have a question about English, email it to questions.chinaeltbbc.co.uk. We might answer it on this programme.Glossary 词汇usage 用法slightly different 稍有不同desperately 急切地to pack 打包;准备行装to have a lot on ones place手里的事太多托福语法：时间从句中一般过去时与过去完成时A 由when连接的从句一个过去的动作紧接另一动作时：He called her a liar.他骂她撒谎。She smacked his face.她打了他一个耳光。可以用when把这两个一般过去时的句子连接起来。连接的条件是，从意思上可以明显看出后一动作跟随前一动作，二者并不是同时发生的：When he called her a liar she smacked his face.他骂她撒谎时，她打了他一个耳光。两个过去时这样用时，通常存在这样的概念：第一个动作导致第二个动作，而后者是紧接前者发生的：When he opened the window the bird flew out.他一打开窗户鸟就飞出去了。When the play ended the audience went home.剧结束后，观众就回家了。When he died he was given a state funeral.他去世后，为他举行了国葬。过去完成时用于when之后，是为了避免使用两个一般过去时可能给人造成两个动作同时发生的印象：When he had shut the window we opened the door of the cage.他关了窗户之后，我们把笼门打开了。(我们等他关紧了窗户才打开笼门。)When she had sung her song she sat down.她唱完歌之后坐了下来。(如写成 When she sang her song she satdown，可能造成她是坐着唱歌的印象。)When he had seen all the pictures he said he was ready to leave.他看了所有的画之后说他要走了。(在他看完画之后)试和下句相比较：When he saw all the pictures he expressed amazement that one manshould have painted so many.他看见所有的画时，表示十分惊奇，一个人竟然画了这么多画。(他一看见画就这么说。)过去完成时同样可以与as soon as，the moment，immediately连用。(关于as作为表示时间的连词的用法，参见第332节。)B 过去完成时可以与till/until和before连用，强调一个动作结束或预期将结束，但要注意在till/until+过去完成时+一般过去时结构中，表示一般过去时的动作可以位于表示过去完成时的动作之前，而在before+过去完成时+一般过去时结构中表示一般过去时的动作总是位于表示过去完成时的动作之前：He refused to go till he had seen all the pictures.他在看完所有的画之后才同意走。He did not wait till we had finished our meal.他没等到我们吃完饭就走了。Before we had finished our meal he ordered us back to work.没等我们吃完饭，他就命令我们回去干活。Before we had walked ten miles he complained of sore feet.我们还没走出十英里路，他就抱怨脚痛了。也可以在表示时间的从句中和主句中都用过去完成时：It was a very expensive town.Before we had been here a week we hadspent all our money.那是一个物价很贵的地方。我们到这儿还不到一星期，就花光了所有的钱。C 在after之后一般用过去完成时态：After the will had been read there were angry exclamations.遗嘱宣读完之后，激起了一片愤怒的?时刻回顾更为过去的动作时，要用过去完成时。如果有两个这样的动作：He had beento school but he had learnt nothing there，so was now illiterate(他上过学但什么也没学到，因此现在还是个文盲)，而又想用时间连词把它们连接起来，就可以用when等连词连接两个过去完成时：When he had been at school he had learnt nothing，so he was now illiter-ate.他上学的时候什么也没学到，所以现在还是个文盲。但更常见的情况是，这里时间从句中的动词用一般过去时：When he was at school he had learnt nothing，(译文同上。)类似的例句还有：He had stayed in his fathers firm till his father died.Then he had startedhis own business and was now a very successful man.他在父亲的公司里一直呆到父亲去世。之后他便自己开业，其时已成为一个事业有成的商人。E 表示认识、理解等的动词一般在时间从句中不用过去完成时，除非有时间修饰：When she had known me for a year she invited me to tea.她认识了我一年之后，邀请我吃茶点。When I knew the work of one department thoroughly I was moved to thenext department.在我完全熟悉了一个部门的工作之后，又被调到另一部门。相当于：As soon as I knew试与下句比较：When I had learnt the work of one department I was moved.我学会一个部门的工作之后，就被调走了。